Valley fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis, is a fungal infection caused by the Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii fungi. This infection is primarily found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, particularly in areas with dry, dusty soil. The fungus is usually inhaled through the respiratory system, causing symptoms like fever, cough, chest pain, and fatigue. In severe cases, valley fever can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or meningitis. Research in this area focuses on understanding the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of valley fever. Studies also seek to develop better diagnostic methods and more effective treatments for this potentially debilitating infection.